Bethany+B

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Blog: https://podcast.punxsy.k12.pa.us/users/14butler_bethany/

About Me:



I'm Bethany. I'm a 9th grade student at PAHS. I am very passionate about the arts. I love to draw and paint. I'm vegetarian and an animal rights activist. I get very defensive about that kind of stuff. I am also a little bit too obsessed with Twilight. I just love it so much!! I live for my friends and family. I have no clue what I would do without them. I'm pretty much and open book when people get to know me. But I'm not sure if that's a good thing or bad thing though...Well that all I'm going to say for now. Bye.

Live Oak
Name: Live oak Scientific Name: Quercus Virginiana Deciduous or Coniferous: Deciduous Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Commercial Use: It is widely used as a shade tree. It's acorns are sweet and much sought as food by birds and animals. It was also used to make ships. Provides habitats for: gall wasps Organisms that infects the Tree: fungus Provides food for: Birds and other animals Where is the Live Oak found: Mostly in the south; Virginia, Florida, Florida Keys, Texas, Oklahoma, and Mexico Twig Characteristics: The twig is very thin and it is a gray color Tree Relatives: Post Oak, Dwarf Live Oak, Swamp White Oak, Durand Oak, Overcup Oak, and the Bur Oak. Other info: The Live Oak can get up to 50-80 feet tall.

Live Oak Poem
Live Open, loving, awkward Bur Oak Fungus, birds, and deer The snow, wind, and rain Sunlight, water, and soil Shade, Life, and Beauty Lumberjacks, ship builders, and the cold a tall forest prosperity very rare in the north the Southern U.S. Oak

American Beech
Name: American Beech Scientific Name:Fagus grandifolia Deciduous or Coniferous: Deciduous Leaf Type:Simple Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Commercial Use: it is an important tree in forestry. It is used for flooring, containers, furniture, handles, and wooden ware. Provides Habitat for: Birds Organisms that infects the Tree: Beech Bark Disease Provides food for: birds, opossums, black bears, white-tailed deer, and many more Where is the American Beech found: it is mostly found in the Southern and Eastern parts of the U.S. Twig Characteristics: Small, silver gray color Other Info: It has a very slow growth rate

American Beech Poem
American helpful, sweet, trustworthy birds, warmth,sun life, kindness, love sun, water, soil food, home, love lumberjacks, Beech Bark Disease, cold A full forest life slow growing Southern and Eastern U.S. Beech




 * Microbes are special too **

Find information that supports the following statements: 1. Microbes significantly impact our global climate. Microbes remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. By doing this it affects our climate change and state. 2. Marine microbes are very small and have been around for a long time. Scientists aren't clear of microbes history and all of their functions. 3. Life on Earth could not exist without microbes. Microbes filter the air and without them life on earth would be a bit difficult. 4. Most marine microbes are beneficial. Marine microbes clear out carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the ocean which keeps our climate steady and keeps us healthy. 5. Microbes are everywhere. They are extremely abundant and diverse. Microbes are everywhere and even most likely undiscovered in places we haven't yet figured to look and are getting discovered everyday. 6. There are new discoveries every day in the field of microbial oceanography. Yes.
 * Activity 1: **
 * Background information**

Go to the following page and complete the quiz: []
 * Activity 2: **
 * What microbe are you?**

1. When finished take a screen shot, or copy and paste the information about the microbe most like you. 2. View the dichotomous key provided by your teacher. Answer the following: How are the steps in the dichotomous key organized? It is organized in order of importance. a. b. What is the purpose of a dichotomous key? Using the characteristics of bacteria to classify them. c. What characteristics were used in the steps of the dichotomous key? Everyday things that we go through. d. Which bacteria are you most closely related to? Lamprocyclas e. Which bacteria are you most different from? Emiliania

1. What characteristics must an ocean microbe have in order to survive? Have to be able to reproduce to they don’t die out. 2. What is density? Density measures how light or heave something is per unit. 3. Why would density be an important characteristic for ocean microbes? The density affects where and how long microbe lives. 4. How are ocean microbes beneficial to the environment and life on Earth? They filter out the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They also help mammals and humans and other air breathing species to prosper. = = =Light Intensity= **Homework:** Create a data table that outlines % maximal ATP or ATP created in your time frame used, light intensity, and wavelength. You can also take screen shots while it is in action and display your data in a graph or other ways if desired.
 * Activity 3: **
 * Design a microbe**

Research background information about

light intensity: Several measures of light are commonly known as intensity. These are obtained by dividing either a power or a luminous flux by a solid angle, a planar area, or a combination of the two.

wavelength and energy: The amount of energy is inversely related to the wavelength of the light: the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each photon of the light.

pigment colors: A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength selective absorption. This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.

Explain the following: how wavelength and light intensity is important for photosynthesis. Be certain to completely relate these to the light reaction and what you observed in the simulation. A summary of what you learned through the simulation. You can discuss using paragraphs, data tables or pictures (include a brief statement as well). This will not be due for several days and we will discuss related information in class and in activities that will help you understand the material.

Light intensity and wavelength are both very important to photosynthesis because without them photosynthesis couldn’t take place. Without light the first part of photosynthesis can’t take place at all. And without wavelength nothing can take place.

I learned that without any light that the photosynthesis process can’t happen and that only half of the process requires the use of light the other half of the photosynthesis process can be done in the dark.

= Chromatography Lab = Leaves change colors and have different pigments because pigments absorb certain wavelengths of light while reflecting others. Also the light that is absorbed can be used to power the chemical reactions. Plants also all have different chlorophyll and that is why you see the different colors.

= Biomolecules Lab =

I chose to graph the Milk, Egg Yolk and the Apple, which was my food. I found out that the apple has no proteins in it after I performed the Bluret Test. Out of all of the tests that we preformed the apple only showed that it had the presents of simple sugars. It had no starch, fat, or proteins. The milk on the other hand had presents of starch, fat, and proteins and no presents of simple sugars. Last I did the Egg Yolk it showed the presents of fat and protein but showed no presents of starch or simple sugars.

Testing for Carbohydrates There exists two simple laboratory tests for the two main types of carbohydrates: Simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and starches (polysaccharides).

1. Simple sugars are tested with Benedicts’s Test: Place 1 dropper full of the food solution to be tested and add 1 dropper full of Benedict’s solution. Heat the tube gently in a water bath for 3 minutes. If simple sugar is present, there will be a color change from blue through green to yellow/orange/red. Actually, an orange precipitate is formed.

There are simple sugars present in an apple because after I put my test tube in the water the colors changed fairly quickly from the bluish green to a red orange color.

2. Starches are tested with the Iodine test: Add 3-5 drops of Iodine to a dropper full of the substance. Do not heat. A color change from orange/brown to blue/black shows the presence of starch.

The apple changed color so there is no starch present it.

Testing for Proteins – Biuret Test Add 1 dropper full of Biuret solution to 1 dropper full of the substance. Do not heat. Results may not be immediate and could take 5 minutes. If there is protein, there will be a color change from blue to mauve. When we added the Bluret to the apple nothing happened at first and then we let it sit for about five minutes and still nothing happened which means that there are no proteins present in the apple.

Testing for Fats and Oils – Sudan IV test Add 5 drops of Sudan IV stain to one half dropper of the food substance. Do not heat or shake! Look for a deep red color at the interface of the food substance with the dye. You may need to hold the tube over a piece of white paper.

When we added Sudan IV stain to our apple nothing happened the color

State what you have learned through the activity/supporting evidence from the activity.

I learned that all foods are made up of biomolecules and a food can be made of one or more biomolecules. Some foods like the apple are very low in protein but very high in simple sugars. The Benedicts’s Test was the only test that we preformed that the apple reacted to. Because once I preformed The Benedicts’s Test the tube of apple turned orange immediately. The Egg Yolk had several different biomolecules in it such as fats/oils and some proteins. I also learned that the milk is pretty much the exact opposite of the apple because the milk has presents of fat/oils, starch, and protein and shows no presents of simple sugars.

Catalase Activity

Discuss your results from the activity, discuss your analysis of the activity from the spreadsheet (what did you learn, what was surprising, what connections can you make between temperature and enzyme activity and the presence of catalase in certain foods?)

I learned that the apple reacted to none of the hydrogen peroxide, the hot, cold, and room temperature. This surprised me because I thought that it would certainly react. I am surprised that it didn’t even bubble or anything and I thought because there was bacteria on the apple that the hydrogen peroxide would at least do something. What also surprised me was that the cold and hot hydrogen peroxide did nothing I thought with the temperature difference it would do something. But even with the temperature difference there was no noticeable reaction.

Develop a question about the catalase activity. Create a quality question about enzymes or enzyme action, etc. Either research to find the answer or use available materials to experiment to find the answer. If you research, list your sources. If you experiment, outline your experiment and explain your results.

Why was it that when two different people would test the same food item with the same test and got different results? What may of gone wrong in one of the persons experiments?



=DNA replication model:=











DNA occurs interphase a stage of mitosis and when DNA replication takes the place of the weaker hydrogen bonds that join complementary bonds together and become broken. The sides of the DNA ladder begin unraveling. The original strands stay intact with a set of the original nucleotides. The free nucleotides turn into the DNA strand by being fused by the polymerases. You then have a new strand and you have two identical strands of DNA.

=Class Traits= Bethany Butler The first trait that I looked at was ear lobes. Free ear lobes are the dominate trait and our data plus the data from the website both portray free ear lobs as the dominate traits. The other trait that I looked at was dimples. Dimples are the dominant trait. On our data is shows that dimples are dominant but on the online data it makes it look as if it recessive. In some of the data that it has on the website it shows that the trait is more recessive even when the trait is dominant. Shouldn’t the trait show more dominance in a larger group of people? My mom and her parents are all right handed making them RR but my dad on the other hand is left handed making him rr. My sisters and I all are right handed making us all Rr.
 * 1)  Focus in on 2 or more of the traits, whether they are dominant or recessive, and whether the numbers portray them as dominant or recessive.
 * 1)  What statements or questions can you make about the data as well as the comparison of data between our classes and elsewhere. Doing additional research here is recommended such as chromosome location, facts about the trait, etc.
 * 1)  You will also look at 2 other traits not used on the site that we looked at in class. **You will need to determine the total of girls that have the trait/don't have and the total of boys that have the trait/don't have. You will also need to determine the total of all who have the trait/don't have the trait. In the end you will need to determine what is dominant and what is recessive (the trait that has the most numbers is not always dominant!).** Doing additional research here is recommended such as chromosome location, facts about the trait, etc.
 * 1)  Discuss your genotype and phenotype with one of the traits and discuss the possible genotypes of your parents/siblings. I am looking that you can identify the possibility of receiving certain alleles from your parents and that you understand the laws of segregation and independent assortment.