The+Fairy+Flower+Clan

flat = = =Members= Chelsea E. Alyson D. Jordan L. Garrett Z. Brett W.

=Classification of Marine Biology= = =

__Activity 1:__
1.Microbes significantly impact our global climate because they affect the cloud formation in our environment. 2.Marine microbes are microscope organisms that have been on some surfaces for hundred of years. 3.Life on Earth could not exist without microbes because microbes can immune us from some of the most deadliest diseases. 4.Many marine microbes can be beneficial, but other can cause an affect to the environment. explain 5.Microbes have been around for billions of years and live in everything including rocks, soil, air, and animals all over the world. 6.Some companies spend $20,000 to $30,000 in discoveries to find out thing about the microbes in oceanology. //**__Activity 3:__**// 1. What characteristics must an ocean microbe have in order to survive?**oxygen and energy and a buoyant density**

2. What is density?
 * //the state of being dense; compact//**

3. Why would destiny be an important characteristic for ocean microbes?**The density is important because the microbes that have different density than the other microbes, it would have different characteristics and different environment.** live in different areas of the water column

4. How are ocean microbes beneficial to the environment and life on Earth? **for the metabolic activities in the environment and and they're use in the environment** 5. Use common materials to design your microbe. What specific characteristics must it have and what materials did you choose to demonstrate those characteristics? 6. Describe what your environment looks like and the activities you would be doing as your microbe. __**Jordan**__- i was a Halobacterium, i would live in water normally involved with salt. __**Garrett**__- I was a Lamprocyclas maritalis, I am found in the Indian Ocean and in the Guinea Stream =Monocots and Dicots= 1. **Research (Brett)** veins are parallel || The major leaf veins are reticulated **//(reticulated means the veins are like the threads of a net)//** || wer parts in multiples of three || The flower parts in multiples of four of five. || Info found at: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8/monocotdicot.html http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cotyledon http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/radicle http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/adventitious http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vascular+bundle 2. **Experimental Data (Everyone)**
 * __Brett__** - My microbe is a Synechococcus and both ends are a clear or hollow rounded edges. In the edges are the Nutrients and other parts of it. So I would use two tennis balls or clear rubber balls and fill them with rocks or other things that would look like the nutrients.
 * __Aly__**- My microbe is an Elphidium crispum and it looks almost like a clear ball with white swirls and little lines coming out of the swirls. To demonstrate it I would use a clear marble and draw white swirls with lines on it.
 * __Chelsea-__** My microbe is an Lamprocyclas maritalis and it looks silver with a pointed top. It comes down and spreads apart. The shape reminds me of a light bulb. It also has holes through it. To demonstrate it i would get a styrofoam ball, and spray paint it black/ silver. Then put mesh and have things hanging down off if it.
 * __Aly__-** i am an Elphidium crispum, I am a common genra found along the coasts.
 * __Brett__**- I am a Synechococcus, I only live in salt water near the surface.
 * __Chelsea-__** I am a Lamprocyclas maritalis, I am found in the Indian Ocean along the Gulf of California.
 * || **Monocots** || **Dicots** ||
 * **Seeds** || Has an embryo with a single cotyledon **//(a cotyledon is the primary or rudimentary leaf of the embryo of seed plants)//** || Has an embryo with two cotyledon ||
 * **Leaves** || The major leaf
 * **Roots** || Roots are adventitious **//(adventitious means a root that is appearing in an unusual position)//** || Roots develop from radicle **//(radicle is the primary root)//** ||
 * **Flower** || The flo
 * **Stems** || Stem vascular bundles are scattered **//(a vascular bundle is a longitudinal arrangement of strands of xylem and phloem)//** || Stem vascular bundles are in a ring ||
 * Pictures and Information: || Alfalfa || Rye || Squash ||
 * Stem || [[image:Alphalfa_stem_Fairy_Flower_Clan.jpg width="208" height="157"]] ||  ||




 * [[image:Squash_Stem_Fairy_Flower_Clan.jpg width="179" height="135"]] ||

Seed

Leaves

Root

The vascular bundles are in rings and they are bunched together, as you can see.
 * 3. Stem Slides (Hulk)**
 * Corn Stem Diocot**:
 * Tilia Three Year Stem:**



The cells are pulled apart, and the vascular bundles are scattered.

__4. **Herbaceous Plants (Aly)**__ __**Herbaceous plants** - these plants have and stems that die down at the end of each growing seasons to the soil level.__ __ - this plant doesn’t have much wood and the stem on it is green. __

__ **List of Herbaceous Monocot Plants-** __ __ *Cannabis sativa __ __ *Arundo donax __ __ *Or any other plant that belongs to the grass family __ __ **List of Herbaceous Diocot Plants-** __ __ *Gossypium Barbadense __ __ *Hibiscus rosa-sinensis __ __ *Hibiscus schizopetalus __

__5. Woody Plants (Jordan)__
__Dicots- oaks, maple and sycamore__ __[]__

__Monocots- palm, bamboo, rose, and cactus__ __[]__


 * **TYPE** || Rose || Oak || Maple || Sycamore || Palm || Bamboo || Cactus ||
 * Monocot || X ||  ||   ||   || X || X || X ||
 * Dicot ||  || X || X || X ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Dicot ||  || X || X || X ||   ||   ||   ||

6. Food and Fiber (Garrett)
Herbaceous Plants: Animals that live off of the plant is parasites that can live off the plant and not kill it. www.lesslawn.com/pages/glossary.html

Woody Plants: Animals that live off woody plants are tiny rodents and elephants eat t he woody plants.

[|www.silobreaker.com/] [|**animals-that-eat**] [|-] [|**woody**] [|-] [|**plants**] [|-5_2263664054176317459] = Cells Lab = Onion Cell 75 microns This is our onion cell and it has a cell count of five in our field of view. Cheek Cell 88 micrions This is our check cell and it has a cell count of three in our field of view. Banana Cell 125 microns This is our banana cell and it has a cell count of three in our field of view.

Pepper Cell 125 microns This is our pepper cell and it has a cell count of three in our field of view.

Are Fruits and Vegetables made of cells?
Are fruits and vegetables made of cells? We believe that fruits and vegetables do have cells. We believe this because we put methane-blue on the banana cell and when we looked through the microscope we were able to see the cell wall, nucleus, and the cytoplasm. This was the same for the pepper cell. The banana cells on high power was 125 microns and the pepper cell was also 125 microns. We were able to see everything on the banana cell. On the pepper cell the cell wall and the cytoplasm was easy to find, but the nucleus was a little harder to find. The banana cell and the pepper cell are both Eukaryotes. The difference is the banana cell has a very thin cell wall; while the pepper cell has a very thick cell wall.

=**Cell Sizing**=

Cell Size Chart

 * Cube size || 1x1x1 || 2x2x2 || 3x3x3 ||
 * Area of a cube || 6 cm2 || 24 cm2 || 54 cm2 ||
 * Volume of a cube || 1 cm3 || 8 cm3 || 27 cm3 ||
 * Surface area to volume ratio || 6:1 || 3:1 || 2:1 ||
 * Distance of Diffusion || .5 centimeters || .5 centimeters || .5 centimeters ||
 * Rate of || .05centimeters/min || .05 centimeters/min || .05 centimeters/min ||

**1.** **They all had the same distance of diffusion and they had the same rate of diffusion** **2.** **For our group all of the cubes when cut had the same distance and rate of diffusion. They were all .5 centimeters in distance and had a .05 centimeters per min.** 3. The calculations of the 3 x 3 x 3 would probably explain what we observed in the cell models because it was the biggest model. This would be because the size of it would give you a better view of the diffusion and the rest of the “cell” than the smaller ones. 4. The relationship between the “cell” size and the efficiency is that the small the size of the “cell” the easier the “cell” could absorb or get the material. The most efficient cube was the 3x3x3 because you were able to see the differences the easiest because of its size. the 1x1x1 was the least effective because you couldn't tell where the dye started and stopped because it was so small and all the dye covered it. We believed that the bigger the cell the less of the cube that was covered. if we would have left the cubes in the dye for an extended amount of time then all of the 3x3x3 cube would have been covered by the dye. the dye covered the cubes at the same rate of time for each of them. They were in there just long enough for the 1x1x1 cube to be completely covered.
 * Analysis:**
 * Analysis:**

=Labeled Cell= =Exercise Chart= Hypothesis: We guessed that within the 8 minutes of non stop exercising that your heart rate would increase tremendously. We also thought that the weight of the person would differ both their heart rate and blood pressure.
 * || **Exercise time** || **Exercise** || **Heart rate** || **Blood Pressure** || **Weight** ||
 * **Person** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Garrett || 8 min || Running stairs || 80 || 140/80 || 185 ||
 * Chelsea || 8 mn || Running stairs || 100 || 130/66 || 113 ||
 * Aly || 8 min || Running stairs || 120 || 120/60 || 137 ||

1. Some of the changes that we observed during the experiment are perspiration, pulse rate, breathing rate, body temperature, skin color change, and blood pressure. 2. Each of these help keep homeostasis in a different way. Your body perspires in an attempt to keep your body temperature cool. Your sweat acts as a cooling system because the water is trying to cool down your skin. Your body temperature goes up because you are working which heats up the body so your body tries to get the temperature back to normal. Your skin color changes and it becomes red, because your body is heating up. Your blood pressure goes up because your heart is working faster than it normally does so the pressure goes up causing the blood pressure to go up. The reason your breathing rate goes up is because your heart is working harder so you need more oxygen to keep up with all the blood in the body. This is why people often have trouble breathing after excercising because they don’t have enough oxygen in there body. The pulse rate goes up because your heart is beating faster and is pumping blood faster. 3. Homeostasis is used to help maintain the body's temperature. It regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, constant condition. Multiple dynamic equilibrium adjustment and regulation mechanisms make homeostasis possible. 4. If you speed up when you’re running or working out, then you’re using more energy. When out heart rate and breathing increase it makes us burn more fuel that is called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). When we exercise, out muscles need more oxygen and energy than normal, so we need to breath more air to continue working as hard as they are. Conclusion: We figured out in this experiment that the weight of a person does affect their heart rate and blood pressure. For example in our chart it shows that the more that the person weighted his heart rate was lower than the other two and it was a higher blood pressure. It is just vise versa for the people who weight less.

After doing this experiment, we learned that no matter what exercise you do, your body will always try to return to homeostasis. There are many different aspects in which your body tries to recover from, and many of them take different amounts of time for homeostasis to return.

Exercise: Running Stairs (8mins)
==

=Cell Transport= Sugar and starch || Clear/white into brown/black || Without= 2.59 oz || Distilled water Potatoes || None || Without= 3.67 oz || Salt water Potato || None || In the **Osmosis** experiment we took two potatoes and cut them into cubes. Then we took to beakers and filled them with the potatoes and measured them to find the specific ounces. Then we filled on beaker with distilled water and we filled the other beaker with a mixture of salt and water. **1.** **Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis. You are responsible for discussing at least 3 similarities and or differences.** Diffusion moves particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, while osmosis moves water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to and area of high concentration. Difference- diffusion usually happens within gas molecules and osmosis occurs when the well has a higher water concentration Similarities- movement or something, both are examples of passive transport **2.** **Why are diffusion and osmosis considered to be passive processes?** Diffusion and osmosis are considered passive processed because they both move either particles of some sort or water through to a high or low concentration. 3. **Compare and contrast passive cell transport with active cell transport. You are responsible for discussing at least 3 similarities and/or differences.** Active transport uses energy to move solute uphill against its gradient, whereas in facilitated diffusion moves down its concentration gradient and no energy input is required. Active Transport may move solutes into the cell or out of the cell, but its energy is always used to move the solute against its concentration. Active transport can occur as a direct result of ATP hydrolysis or by coupling the movement of one substance with that of another. Cell transport is the movement of materials into and out of cells influences the internal concentrations of the molecules. **4.** **What question do you still have about cell transport? Do research or design and run an experiment to gather data to answer your question.** What I did not know about cell transport is that ** passive transport ** is the movement of molecules from a more crowded to a less crowded area **__ WITHOUT __** the use of energy. The movement occurs when there are unequal concentrations of a substance inside and outside of the cell. ** Active transport ** is the movement of molecules from a less crowded to a more crowded area **__ WITH __** the use of energy. The molecules are “carried” into or out of the cell using some of the cell’s energy. Another thing I learned is that the cell membrane is **__ Selectively Permeable __** which allows the movement of substances, especially oxygen, water, food molecules, carbon dioxide, and waste products, into or out of the cell. Resources http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-active-and-passive-transport/ http://www.enotes.com/biochemistry/q-and-a/what-three-differences-two-similarities-between-50965
 * || **Amount of water used** || **Time is sitting in solution** || **Weight after experiment** || **Solutions used in experiment** || **Color change** ||
 * **Experiment #1** || 25 ml || 24 hours || 1.55 oz || Iodine+ water
 * **Distilled potato** || 300 ml || 24 hours || With beaker=6 oz
 * **Salt potato** || 300 ml || 24 hours || With beaker= 7.11 oz
 * Procedure**: In the **Diffusion** experiment we took a dialysis bag and filled it with a mixture of water, sugar, and starch. Then we tied both of the corners down. Then we filled a beaker with the dilute iodine solution. Finally we put the dialysis bag filled with the mixture into the beaker.

1. Diffusion – the spread of particles through random motion from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. 2. Osmosis – the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane down a water potential gradient. 3. Hypotonic – noting a solution of lower osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared. 4. Hypertonic – noting a solution of higher osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared. 5. Isotonic – noting or pertaining to solution characterized by equal osmotic pressure. 6. Solute – a substance dissolved in a given solution. 7. Solvent – a liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another liquid. 8. Selectively permeable – a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion. 9. Water potential – the potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water in reference conditions. 10. Concentration gradient – the gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density. 11. Plasmolysis – contraction of the protoplasm in a living cell when water is removed by exosmosis. 12. Turgor – the normal distention or rigidity of plant cells, resulting from the pressure exerted by the cell contents on the cell walls. 13. Active transport the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requires the consumption of energy. 14. Facilitated diffusion – a process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules; also called facilitated transport.
 * Vocabulary:**

=Protists Lab=

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Alga_volvox.png 1. autotroph or heterotraph?**Autotroph** 2. where its found? Ponds ditches and shallow puddles Each Volvox is composed of numerous flagellate cells similar to Chlamydomonas, on the order of 1000–3000 in total, interconnected and arranged in a glycoprotein-filled sphere (coenobium). Each Volvex is composed with numerous flagellate cells similar to chlamydomas. The volxex is like a simlar model of the earth 4. Resources: **http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Is_volvox_a_heterotroph_autotroph_or_parasite**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvox

Paramecium Caudatum Photo site: []

__Facts__ The Paramecium Caudatum is a heterotroph The Paramecium Caudatum is a single-celled eukaryote, which resembles that shape of a football, which is a member of the microorganism group of Protozoa. The Paramecium Caudatum is a ciliated freshwater Protozoa that has a long and deep oral groove. The Paramecium Caudatum is covered with minute hair-like projections called cilia. The cilia are used for locomotion and feeding. Resources: [] [] []

= Brown Hydra =

Where it’s found: It is found widely dispersed in the northern temperate zone. Facts: it is commonly found attached to the stems of water plants, and the undersides of leaves. The fully extended tentacles are very long and may exceed 1 inch (25mm) in length. Resource listed: [], []

Autotroph or heterotroph: Heterotroph



= Daphnia = Daphnia- heterotroph Daphnia don’t live past about one year Look like fleas Live in water Have a shell Move swiftly They eat algae, yeast, and bacteria. Produce eggs without mating by a process called parthenogenesis.

[]



=Euglena= The Euglena is unique in that it is both heterotrophic (must consume food) and autotrophic (can make its own food). All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment; euglena usually live in quiet ponds or puddles. []

Euglena are commonly found in nutrient-rich freshwater, with a few marine species. Read more: []

Euglena has a oval shaped structure with a round anterior and tapered posterior. The outer part of the cell membrane consist of a stiff pelicle which enable it to maintain its shape. It is green in color and is owing to the presence of chloroplasts in its cell. However, the cell of Euglena has no similarity with that of plant cells because it has no cell wall made of cellulose. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/euglena-facts.html  = = = = =Yeast Respiration Lab= Temperature, if there is glucose or not, amount of yeast, concentration, PH, and type of respiration substance.
 * The factors that affected the rate of respiration in yeast:**

The independent variable is the temperature of the environment, and the dependent variable is the amount of carbon dioxide produced.
 * Dependent and Independent Variables:**

=DNA Spooling with Strawberries Discussion and Questions= In the mitochondria and nucleus.
 * 1. Where is DNA found? Be specific. CE **

Yeah, it is possible. We touched DNA from the strawberry.
 * 2. Is it possible to see and touch DNA? Explain your answer. CE **

It looked like my a thin clear mucus, or a type of snot. It was clingy to the spinning stick
 * 3. What did the DNA look like? Be specific. JL **

We stuck in a bag that had Homogenating Solution in it and we left it submerged and smashed it till it was in small pieces
 * 4. How did you break down the cell walls within the strawberry? JL **

Because of the cold ethanol
 * 5. Explain how you were able to break down the cell membranes and nuclear membranes within the strawberry.AD **

From the pigments in the strawberry = = Yes DNA is the same in all living organisms, with an exception of a few microorganisms because all of the organisms or at least most of them share the same genetic code, or the set of rules by which information encoded in the genetic material is translated into proteins by living cells.
 * 6. Explain how the DNA became visible. GZ **
 * 7. Is DNA the same in all living organisms? Explain your answer. BW **

You would extract the DNA from the cheek of a living person because it is the least harmful way and there is a plethora of DNA, including blood, mucus, and spit. = = =The Crime Scene Scenario and Data Analysis Questions= 1. Why do a series of bands appear in the gel? What is true of the DNA fragment band(s) closest to the positive end of the gel (the end opposite the wells)? CE The series of bands appear in the gel because of the dye. They were pulled by the electricity, and the ones that move the farthest are the lightest.
 * 8. If you wanted to extract DNA from a living person, which cells would you use and why? BW **

2. What caused the DNA to migrate through the gel? JL The electricity pulling it.

3. Would you expect your personal DNA fingerprint to be identical to any of the persons tested in this lab? Explain. AD No, i wouldn't expect DNA to be identical because everyone has there own DNA. People that have similar DNA could be different protein in the DNA that would make it change.

4. Based on the results of your gel, what evidence do you have to present to the court concerning this murder case? GZ You have the DNA from the crime scene, and the DNA from two different suspects. After running a test the suspect that has the same DNA that was found on the crime scene is guilty.

5. Could these DNA samples have been distinguished from on another if only enzyme #1 had been used? Why or why not? BW - The DNA samples probably could not be distinguished from one another if only enzyme #1 was used because they are very similar and without the second enzyme they could get mixed up and both of the men would have been free

Telophase-The chromosomes reach the poles of their respective spindles. Nuclear envelope reform before the chromosomes uncoil. The spindle fibers disintegrate.



Cytokinasis-This is the last stage of mitosis. It is the process of splitting the daughter cells apart. A furrow forms and the cell is pinched in two. Each daughter cell contains the same number and same quality of chromosomes.



Prophase and interphase Interphase-DNA has replicated, but has not formed the condensed structure of chromosome. The cellular membrane is still intact to protect the nuclear molecules from undergoing mutation. Prophase- The DNA molecules progressively shorten and condense, by coiling, to form Chromosomes.



Metaphase and Anaphase- Metaphase-The spindle fibers attach themselves to the centromere of the chromosomes and align the the chromosomes at the equatorial plat e. Anaphase- The spindle fibers shorten and the Centromeres split, separate chromatids are pulled along by the centromeres.



Medaka Videos: Day 7: hatched media type="file" key="Motic USB Camera7.mov"