Team+TCB

= = = = =Members = Cory G. Sydney P. Joe R. Savanna H. Stephanie S. =Activity 1 Microbes Are Special Too = 1) The way Microbes affect are climate is they release carbon which is a greenhouse gas which is released into the apmoshere. As a result of this is burns a hole in the Ozone which is the cause of global warming. they create oxygen

2) They can only be se en with a microscope and that they have evolved over time which means they would have been around for a long period of time.

3)The reason why we could live on the earth without microbes is we once evolved from them to what we are now.

4) They help recycle nutrience in ecosystems is they way they are one way they are helpful.

5) Microbes can be found in any area and can withstand without oxygen.

6) There are over 5 billion species so there are new d iscoveries everyday.

=Activity 3: = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1) It must be able to have water and turn it into oxygen.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2) Density is a property of matter that is the mass divided by volume.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3) It would help determine where microbes would live in the water. explain

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 4)The microbes are the base of the food chain. ` <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">What common materials would y <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">ou make it from?

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots and dicots =

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: have netted veins || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: Adventitious
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Leaves || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Roots || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Flowers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Stems || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Dicots ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: they have parallel veins

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: Develop for radicle || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: Parts in multiples of three

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: Pollen with three furrows or pores…parts in multiples of four or five || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Mo nocots: have scattered bundles in a cross section <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Dicots: have a circular bundle arrangement in a cross section || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Embryo with single cotyledon… Pollen with single furrow or pore…Flower parts in multiples of three… Major leaf veins parallel… Major leaf veins reticulated… Stem vacular bundles scattered… Roots are adventitious || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Embryo with two cotyledons…Pollen with three furrows or pores…Flower parts in multiples of four or five…Stem vascular bundles in a ring…Roots develop from radicle ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: have two seed leaves in development ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Seeds ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: have one seed leaf in development

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Seeds, Leaves, and Roots links:
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.flickr.com/photos/r <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> ahel_jaskow/3434548473/#/ alfalfa seed <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.flickr.com/photos/8555671@N05/2786972691/ alfalfa roots <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.flickr.com/photos/the_des_bois/479246223/ alfalfa leaf <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.flickr.com/photos/leafy/3111086478/ rye leaf <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.flickr.com/photos/buehlerphoto/2241502639/ rye roots <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> rye seed, could not find <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://lemill.net/content/webpages/lima-bean-seed-dissection/view - lima bean seeds <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://article.wn.com/view/2010/04/18/How_to_plant_and_grow_pole_beans_bush_beans_lima_beans_and_o/ - lima bean roots <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.flickr.com/photos/milehigher5/2702122075/ - lima bean leaves

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 5) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: have netted veins || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: Adventitious
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Leaves || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Roots || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Flowers || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Stems || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Dicots ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: they have parallel veins

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: Develop for radicle || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: Parts in multiples of three

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: Pollen with three furrows or pores…parts in multiples of four or five || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: have scattered bundles in a cross section <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Dicots: have a circular bundle arrangement in a cross section || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Embryo with single cotyledon… Pollen with single furrow or pore…Flower parts in multiples of three… Major leaf veins parallel… Major leaf veins reticulated… Stem vacular bundles scattered… Roots are adventitious || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Embryo with two cotyledons…Pollen with three furrows or pores…Flower parts in multiples of four or five…Stem vascular bundles in a ring…Roots develop from radicle ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dicots: have two seed leaves in development ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Seeds ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots: have one seed leaf in development

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">6. Herbaceous plants are plants wit <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">h growth which dies back to the ground each year, in contrast with [|woody plants], which keep adding growth and remain active during the season when herbaceous plants are dormant. As a general rule, annual plants are all classified as herbaceous, but herbaceous plants can also be biennials or perennials as well. Many <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> gardeners rely heavily on herbaceous [|plant species] to add color and texture to their gardens, and these plants often form the core of a garden. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">A typical herbaceous plant starts to die down in the fall, often dropping leaves in the process. In the spring, new growth appears as the plant's roots and low-lying stems start to put out fresh shoots. Eventually, the plant will flourish again, often producing bright, colorful flowers and rich greenery which will thrive through the summer before the plant starts to die back again.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 1 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Roots develop for radicle || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Oaks have acorns which are used as food for animals, maple provides maple syrup for people, walnut provides nuts for food ||
 * || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Woody Plants || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Herbaceous Plants || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Food and Fiber ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Monocots || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">palm, bamboo, rose, cactus, and lily trees || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Flowers parts in multiples of threeRoots are adventitious || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Palm trees provide coconut products, cactus provides edible fruit, bamboo shoots ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Dicots || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">oak, pine, maple, walnut, spruce, and fir trees || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Pollen with three furrows or poresFlowers parts in multiples of four or five

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Woody Plants: uses wood as a structural tissue, larger and woody roots, thickened bark

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Herbaceous Plants: lacks a woody stem, flowering garden plants

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Foods and Fiber: food is edible, fiber is used in clothing and fabrics

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Are fruits and vegetables made up of cells? = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Even though fruits and vegetables look different they are all made up of cells. The cells have an outer wall which is mostly made up of cellulose. Every cell has a nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and mitochondria. Cells are the building block of life and make up all living things. The two types of cells are plant and animal cells. Fruits and vegetables are produced by plants, therefore, they have plant cells. We looked at fruit and vegetable skins through a microscope and noticed that they have cells. We used iodine as a stain so that you can see the cells more clearly. The iodine stains the cellulose in the cell so that it is easier to determine what organelles are in the cell and make them more visual. When we looked at the cells, we noticed that they were all similar. The <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> y all had a cell wall, membrane, and nucleus. We noticed that the sizes are close but they are still different sizes.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> We looked at this to get a good example of a plant cell. The size is 167 microns. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> We examined this cheek cell to see the difference between a plant and a animal cell. The size is 188 microns. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> We looked at this potato cell to determine the similarities between to vegetable cells.

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Edible Cell: =

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> =<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cell Size Lab: = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Analysis: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 1. Compare and contrast the three cubes after they were sliced in half. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">-You could really see the definition of the diffusion and could see everything more cleary. They all had about the same amount of coloring that leaked through the exlax and the majority of the inside was its original color. They were different because as they got smaller, there were clearer from the inside.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 2. Which "cell" seemed to be most and least efficient at getting outside substances into the cell? Explain. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">-The 2x2x2 was least efficient because it had the lowest rates of diffusion. The 1x1x1 was most efficient because it had the highest rates of diffusion.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 3. Which of your calculations seems to explain what you observed in your cell models? Why do you think so? <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> -The distance of diffusion the reason is it shows you how much the cell can take in.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 4. Speculate on a relationship between cell size and efficiency. Your statement should resemble a hypothesis. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> -Our hypothesis was the smaller the cube the more could soak in. We also thought the bigger ones would have less diffusion that the others.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 5. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> SA- 3x3x3= 54 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> SA- 2x2x2= 24 <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> SA- 1x1x1= 6

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Photo above by Team CUTG
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cube Size || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Area || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">SA to V ratio || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Distance of diffusion || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Rate Of diffusion || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Volume ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3x3x3 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">54 cm2 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2/1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">.2cm || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1.18 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">27cm3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2x2x2 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">24 cm2 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3/1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">.1cm || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">.59cm || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">8cm3 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1x1x1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">6 cm2 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">6/1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">.3cm || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1.78 cm/hour[[image:Cell_Size_Lab.jpg]] || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1 cm3 ||

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Homeostasis Lab =

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Activity <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 1 and 2) Our teams experiment was for eight straight minutes we will be running steps. What we will mesure is Body Temperature, Pulse, Coloration of the Body, Sweat, and Blood Pressure.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 3)The way we will collect the data is by thermometer, which will measure body temperature. We also will be using a blood pressure cuff which will measure Pulse and Blood pressure. Then for Coloration and Sweat we will use personal opinions. We took all of the measurements during the activity that we performed.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 4)

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">NOTE: Sweat <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> and Coloration of the Body are in Percentage.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cory Geer: || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Body Temp || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Pulse || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Coloration || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Sweat || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Blood Pressure ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Pretest || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">76 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">None || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">None || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">131 over 81 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2 min || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Very little amount || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">160 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Very little || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">None || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">152 over 76 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">4 min || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Same || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">172 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Slight || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Little || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">159 over 75 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">6 min || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Slightly Higher || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">178 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Slight || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Little || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">160 over 72 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">8 min Slightly above average || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Slightly above average || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">189 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">More than before || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Droplets || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">161 over 69 ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 5) In conclusion we found that every two minutes everything measurement arose from the previous measurment. Therefore that means as intensity levels increased the bodies functions did also so that the body could stay in a state of Homeostasis.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Analysis: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1.What are the changes that you observed throughout the experiment? Body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, sweat, and coloration all increase during exercise. The blood pressure, bod <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">y temperature, and pulse all increased, the sweat became more visible, and the coloration kept getting darker in the face as time went on.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 2. How do each of those changes help the body adjust to maintain equilibrium (homeostasis)? The body can stay stable even though the changes increase. The body adjusts because if it doesn’t then you wouldn’t know how to react.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 3. What mechanisms are used to maintain body temperature in the body? Endothermic animals maintain a constant body temperature.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 4. What is the purpose for an increased respiratory rate and heart rate? They make adjustments in the body in order for it to return to homeostasis.

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Diffusion/Osmosis =

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Diffusion- the movement of molecules down their concentration gradient

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Osmosis- a specialized case of diffusion that involves the passive transport of water

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Hypotonic- low solute concentration

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Hypertonic- high solute concentration

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Isotonic- equal or identical; same amount

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Solute- the substance dissolved in a given solution

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Solvent- having the power to dissolve or causing solution

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· selectively permeable- a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· water potential- term used to describe the tendency of water to leave one place in favor of another.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· concentration gradient- a gradient in concentration of a solute as a function of distance through a solution

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· plasmolysis- contraction of the protoplasm in a living cell when water is removed by exosmosis

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· turgor- the pressure exerted on a plant cell wall by water passing into the cell by osmosis

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· active transport- the movement of molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· facilitated diffusion- a process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 2. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> For diffusion we first lined up three feet apart. We sprayed perfume and measured and recorded how long it took for each person to smell the perfume moving through the air. Next, we lined up six feet apart and also measured and recorded how long it took to reach each person. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 2a. For osmosis, we got two beakers we put two teaspoons of salt in one of the beakers and put 300 mL of water in each. Then we put potatoes in the beakers and the one with salt in it will make the potatoes loose its moisture and become mushy instead of hard, like the one with just water in it. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> You can tell that osmosis occurred because over time the potatoes turned brown. All of the potatoes cell nutrients went to higher concentrations. The potato needs its nutrients to retain color.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> The potatoes in the water did not turn brown over time. There was no salt to remove the cell nutrients from the potatoes. The salt was the reason the other potatoes turned brown. This water had no salt so the color stayed the same. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">expansion ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Salt Water || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Pre… || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">20 Minutes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">40 Minutes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Over Night ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Water Level || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">300mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">300mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">300mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">300mL ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Color in Water || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">clear || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">cloudy || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">foggy || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">murky ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Potato Expansion || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">disintegrate || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">very little spots || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">disintegrate ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Color of Potato || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">none || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">slight || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">slight || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">dark brown spots and layers ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Fresh Water || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Pre… || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">20 Minutes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">40 Minutes || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Over Night ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Water Level || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">300mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">300mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 300mL || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">300mL ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Color in Water || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">clear || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">clear || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">clear || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">clear ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Potato Expansion || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">little
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Color of Potato || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">normal ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Water Coloration has changed to murky compared to the one without salt that is clear.

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cell Lab = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Questions (Be sure to split up this work and discuss as a group. I should see contributions by many different members of the group);

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 1. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis. You are responsible for discussing at least 3 similarities and or differences.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 2. Why are diffusion and osmosis considered to be passive processes?

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 3. Compare and contrast passive cell transport with active cell transport. You are responsible for discussing at least 3 similarities and/or differences.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 4. What question do you still have about cell transport? Do research or design and run an experiment to gather data to answer your question. Write a paragraph or make an outline of what you did and what you discovered. Remember to cite your sources.

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Pond Water =

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> =

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=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Protists Lab =

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Euglena: found in nutrient-fresh water with few marine species, quiet ponds or puddles <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3 facts: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Euglena move by flagellum. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> It is pear shaped. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> The euglena has a bright red eyespot which is sensitive to light and helps the euglena find light. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/euglenacolor.htm

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">media type="file" key="green hydra.mov" width="300" height="300" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Green hydra: fresh water, ponds, rivers, lakes <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> 3 facts: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Closely related to jellyfish <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> A Green Hydra can grow up to 30 millimeters long, but usually they are less than 15 mm. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> One hydra can have anywhere from four to twelve tentacles. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.fcps.edu/islandcreekes/ecology/green_hydra.htm

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Brown hydra- heterotroph—they are found as the same group as jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones, they have a mouth surrounded by a crown of tentacles that have stinging cells used to stun prey, the length of their tentacles can be up to 25 cm. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Brown hydra: live in fresh water ponds, rivers, steams, and also lakes, it attaches to twigs, rocks, and plants

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Daphnia <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">media type="file" key="water flea.mov" width="300" height="300" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Daphnia- heterotroph—are often sold as aquarium food since they are easy to culture and reproduce rapidly, you can see their organs in the microscope, because their "skin" is transparent, large genus comprising about 150 species. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Daphnia: found in brackish waters, marine environments, and mainly fresh water of all places

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> by VIDA INVISIBLE <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Stentor coeruleus- heterotroph <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Found: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Stenter coeruleus: usually live in freshwater habitats but can habituate to its environment <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Facts: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1. Stentor has multiple ciliary membranelles moving around the region that goes to the mouth opening. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2. Stentor uses cilia to sweep food particles into its cytostome. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3. Stentor are among the largest aquatic protozoans. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Picture link:

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Trapka_velka_Paramecium_caudatum.jpg
<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Paramecium caudatum- heterotroph <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">found: · Paramecium caudatum: found in ponds and still waters among the mud and decaying vegetation, and warm water <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Facts: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1. Are unicellurlar organisms that belong to the genus of phylum Ciliophora. (phylum Ciliophora is Ciliophora, phylum in the kingdom Protista consisting of the ciliates, or ciliophores, complex freshwater or saltwater protozoans that swim by the coordinated beating of their cilia—short, hairlike structures that cover the cell surface) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2. Paramecia have a good defense system that they deploy against their enemies. When attacked, they release dart-like objects from capsules located on their undersides. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3. They are often called slipper animalcules because of their slipper-like shape. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Amoba protus: the main habitat for them are unpolluted ponds <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">hetotroph- <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3 facts: When an amoeba eats food, the food can actually remain alive inside the amoeba. It can release a chemical from his body that can drive away some organisms. Right after the amoeba splits, the two amoebae don’t eat each other.

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Volox <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Three facts- The name Volvox comes from the Latin volvere, which means to roll. Volvox is a spherical multicellular green alga, which contains many small biflagellate somatic cells and a few large, non-motile called gonidia and swims with a characteristic rolling motion with a distinct anterior and posterior. Can reproduce asexually and asexually. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">· Volox: fresh water habitats, on rocks, in streams, ponds, ditches, and shallow puddles

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">LINKS: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://www.metamicrobe.com/volvox/ <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Alga_volvox.png

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Links for where found: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[]

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Yeast Respiration Lab = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Independant Variable: is a fair test (experiment) that is observes over what he/she did throughout the experiment. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Dependant Variable: is what he/she found from their observation (change) they find, that will changes the Independent Variable. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Factors: Sugar Concentration, Water Temperature, Amount of water, Amount of Yeast

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Strawberry Spooling Lab =

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<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1. Where is DNA found? Be specific. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">DNA is found in chromosones inside the nucleaus

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2. Is it possible to see and touch DNA? Explain your answer. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Yes because we did it in the Spooling with strawberries lab the way we did it was extract the DNA through the strainer then we put it in with cold ethanol that then froze the DNA and made it visible to see.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3. What did the DNA look like? Be specific. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">The DNA of the strawberry after completing all of the processes, it looked like clear mucus.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">4. How did you break down the cell walls within the strawberry? <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">By putting homogenating solution in the baggie and smashing the strawberry.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">5. Explain how you were able to break down the cell membranes and nuclear membranes within the strawberry. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">We put the strawberry in the bag with homogenating solution and smashed it up then we put the strawberry “juice” into a test tube with ethanol.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">6. Explain how the DNA became visible. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">The DNA became visible after we added the ethanol to the strawberry juice after we strained it, thats when then the DNA became visible.

=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Crime Scene Lab =

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">1. Why do a series of bands appear in the gel? What is true of the DNA fragment band(s) closest to the positive end of the gel (the end opposite the wells)? The dye is pulled by electricity causes the bands to appear. The bands farthest away are caused by the lightest DNA.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">2. What caused the DNA to migrate through the gel? The electrical current through the machine pulled the DNA through the gel leaving DNA behind.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">3. Would you expect your personal DNA fingerprint to be identical to any of the persons tested in this lab? Explain. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">No because every persons DNA is slightly different, each chromosome in DNA has a different part to tell what it is, this is what makes DNA different

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">4. Based on the results of your gel, what evidence do you have to present to the court concerning this murder case? While reviewing the evidence they will have noticed that suspect 2 is guilty <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">5. Could these DNA samples have been distinguished from on another if only enzyme #1 had been used? Why or why not? <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Yes, but it would have been hard. Not only would of you had to look a the first Chromosome but you’d also have to look at the gene lengths on the chromosome. The reason is, is because there is difference between gene make up of all chromosomes.

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=<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">Cell Mitosis: = <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> Interphase & Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

=Dissection:=