Part+II+-+Cassi

=**Circulating needed materials: ** =
 * 1) How does O2 get in and out?
 * Pig:** O2 gets in and out of the pig through its nose(or mouth). The pig breathes in the oxygen and fills its lungs while when it exchanges the oxygen to carbon dioxide in the lungs and is breathed out. This process is called respiration. We as humans also do this.


 * Crayfish:** Crayfish get oxygen from the water. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O). A crayfish has gills in which filter out the oxygen from the water and goes straight to the blood.


 * Starfish:** The starfish has hollow gills through out its body and has a breathing process similar to the crayfish.
 * 1) How is O2 and other materials moved throughout the body?
 * Pig:** O2 goes into the lungs and is flowed throughout the viens to provide engery and nutrients to other organs of the body. The o2 attaches itself to blood cells in order to flow throughout the blood.


 * Crayfish:** The oxygen attaches to the bloodflow and runs throughout its body providing the oxygen it needs to its lungs.


 * Starfish:** The oxygen is circulated through out the starfish after the hollow gills convert the oxygen from the water. The starfish has a poorly developed circulatory system, but still gets the oxygen for the energy for mobility.
 * 1) Draw a diagram of the movement of O2 and other materials through this system (or take a picture and mark up the movement).





=Additional Pig Anatomy= Organism: Give an example of a simple structure/function relationship pertaining to the human body. The structure/function relationship should be visible from the outside of the body (don’t use parts that are on the inside). Be sure your explanation includes a discussion of the structure, function, and the relationship between the two. **Vision is both part of the pig and human body. Eyes are used for this function. The eyes reflect images into the brain and allow the vision of the surroundings to be pertained. The humans and pigs have basically the same eye functions. The only difference is how they are on the pigs and humans face. On a humans face they are in the front beside the nose so we can see where we are going. The pigs are somewhat on the sides while they are at the beginning of the snout on a pig.**

Organ System: Pick a human organ system. Describe what role it plays in maintaining homeostasis. Also describe how it works with at least 2 other systems. (For example, the excretory system works closely with the circulatory system. The circulatory system brings blood to the kidneys, which are the main organ of the excretory system. The kidneys filter the blood, creating urea, which is then combined with water to create urine. The urine is then released form the body.) **The digestive system digests food and releases nutrients from the food into the circulatory system so that the blood can carry out the nutrients. It starts out by chewing the food. Then in goes down your esophagus and into your stomach. There it is digested and then transported into the small intestines. Here the nutrients and sorted and starts to be excrete (waste) It then goes through out the colon and when it poops it is exited through the rectum out to the anus and into the toilet (human) or onto hay/ground (pig).**

Organ: Pick an organ within your organ system from above. What is this organ’s specific function? How does its structure relate to its function? Be sure your explanation includes a discussion of the structure, function, and the relationship between the two. **The small intestines are what look like long raveled/bundled up tunnels that are attached to the stomach at the top and to the colon (large intestines) at the bottom. Within these small intestines are what look like little worms sticking up out of the sides on the insides. They help filter out the nutrients in the food and pass the waste of it along to the colon. What most people don't know is that when we get stomach aches its actually in our small intestines that we have the pain in.**

Tissue: Discuss the tissues that make up your organ mentioned above. How do they work together? Which of the 4 types of tissues are present? (epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle) **The kinds of tissues that make up the small intestines are epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and even autonomic nervous tissue. They work together to control how the "food" is broken up into nutrients and also how they flow the whole way through out the small intestines into the colon (large intestines).**

How are the cells of the above organ/tissue specialized (again, relating structure and function). What is the size/shape of the cell? Are there any special organelles? Are any organelles present in larger quantities?
 * Cells in these tissues known as glandular cells secrete enzymes that help digest the food. These cells are fairly small and bicarbonate is released into the small intestines to neutralize any acid that may be harmful that came from the stomach.**