Brett+W.

flat Blog: https://podcast.punxsy.k12.pa.us/users/14wolfe_brett/ =About Me:= Hello my classmates, I'm Brett. My favorites sport is football and my favorite football team is the Pittsburgh Steelers. I was able to go to a Steeler game over the summer. I enjoy playing video games and football with my family. My favorite video game is probably either Madden 2011 or Smackdown Vs. Raw 2011. My favorites subject is either Biology or American History. I also like my Algebra class. My favorite teacher is Mr. McHenry. =Scots Pine= 1.Scots Pine 2.(Pinus sylvestris L.) 3.Blister Rust a fungus which infects the bark 4.All wildlife that does not hibernate in the winter as it retains its needles. 5.It is related to the Jack Pine because they both have a set of two needles per leaf. 6.Christmas tree are made out of the smaller trees. 7.Fairly stout, brittle, dark yellowish-gray, smooth 8.It is native to Europe and Asia and ranging to Ireland, Great Britian, and Portugal.

Found Info on: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529553/Scots-pine, http://www.oplin.org, http://www.agri.ohio.gov/divs/plant/caps/spbr.aspx, "Common Trees of Pennsylvania" Book.

=Box Elder= == __**Photo by er1danus**__ 1.Box Elder 2.(Acer negundo L.) 3.Pathogens an organism that causes sooty mold to occur on the trees 4.Wildlife in moist habitats 5.Manitoba Maple 6.Wooden boxes are made out of the soft wood 7.Stout, Purplish- green or green, sometimes smooth with a whitish coating 8.It is native to the Susquehana Valley

Found Info on: www. maple.dnr.cornell.edu, "Common Trees of Pennsylvania" book, www.compfight.com

=Classification of Marine Bacteria= I'm a Synechococcus. ====

You are… //Synechococcus!//
Fantastic! You are //Synechococcus!// You like to hang out on your own, and this solitary microbe is no different. Like you, this microbe prefers staying on the “upper bunk” of the ocean, where it can absorb more sunlight to effectively photosyntesize. And photosynthesize, it does! This microbe cranks out about 25% of the primary production in the ocean. Just as you like all sorts of weather, //Synechococcus// can withstand temperatures and has a wider distribution than its relatives. 2a.The steps are organized in section A or B and they lead to a different question depending on which one you chose. The A and B for this project was Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes. 2b.The purpose of the dichotomous key is to narrow down the subject into smaller groups and it is easier to find the subject. 2c.The characteristics used in the steps of the dichotomous key were either Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes. 2d.The bacteria that I am most closely related to is Prochlorococcus. 2e.The bacteria that I am most different from is Fragilidium.

=Biomolecules in Food Lab= 0 - Biomolecule is absent
 * **Food** || **Presence of Simple Sugar** || **Presence of Starches** || **Presence of Fat (Lipids)** || **Presence of Protein** ||
 * Ground Beef || Absent || Absent || Present || Present ||
 * Avocado || Absent || Absent || Present || Absent ||
 * Potato || Absent || Absent || Absent || Absent ||
 * Liver || Absent || Absent || Absent || Present ||
 * Banana || Absent || Present || Present || Absent ||
 * Peas || Present || Present || Present || Absent ||
 * Carrots || Present || Present || Present || Absent ||
 * Graph Key:** 1 - Biomolecule is present

1. **__Ground Beef__** contains the two biomolecules of Lipids (Fats) and Protein. __**Avocado**__ contains just one biomolecule, which is Lipids (Fats). __**Potato**__ contains none of the biomolecules that we tested for. __**Banana**__ contains the two biomolecules of Starches and Lipids (Fats). __**Peas**__ contain all of the biomolecules, except for Protein. 2.Reactions that between the biomolecule and catalyse lab is that in the biomolecules lab both the peas and carrots contained everything, but protein and in the catalase lab both the carrot and the peas have no or little reaction in with all three peroxides. 3. I have learned from this project that Potatoes contain none of the substances that we tested for and that Banana contains starches and fats. I thought that out of all of the things that we tested for that the Potato would have at least starches and that a banana would have nothing or fats that the minimum.
 * __Liver__** only contains the biomolecule of Protein.
 * __Carrots__** contain all of the biomolecules, except for Protein.

==
 * Starches**
 * Simple Sugars**
 * Fats (Lipids)**


 * Proteins**

=Catalase Lab=


 * Food || Warm Peroxide || Room Temp. Peroxide || Cold Peroxide ||
 * Avocado || 2 || 5 || 5 ||
 * Banana || 4 || 3 || 2 ||
 * Carrots || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * Ground Beef || 5 || 5 || 4 ||
 * Liver || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * Peas || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * Potato || 1 || 1 || 1 ||

My results for the carrots from this activity is that the carrots reacted with none of the Peroxide. What I learned was that Liver, Peas, and Potatoes also had little or not reaction with the Peroxide. What I found that was surprising was that there was a lot of foods that do not react with the peroxides at all. What I found between the temperature of the peroxide and the enzymes is that in some (such as the Avocado) the colder the temperature the higher the reaction. Then in others (such as Ground Beef and the Banana) the warmer the temperature the higher the reaction. Finally in some (such as Carrots, Liver, Peas, and Potato) there is not reaction at all.

Question: What are enzyme reactions? Answer: Enzymes are mainly proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions. In a enzymatic reaction, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme convert them into different molecules, called the products.

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_action


 * Warm Peroxide**


 * Room Temp. Peroxide**


 * Cold Peroxide**

=Light Intensity Activity=


 * Wavelength (30 seconds) || Light Intensity || ATP || Percent of maximal ATP ||
 * 400 || 200 || 4 || 65% ||
 * 500 || 200 || 1 || 7.5% ||
 * 600 || 200 || 2 || 20% ||
 * 700 || 200 || 1 || 5% ||
 * 750 || 200 || 1 || 3% ||

From the simulation, I learned that the lower the Wavelength and higher the Light Intensity that more ATPs are made and the Percentage of maximal ATP is greater.

Light Intensity is a luminous intensity measured in candelas or candlepower.

Pigments are chemical compound, which reflect only certain wavelengths of visible light. Because they interact with light to absorb only certain wavelengths, pigments are useful to plants and other autotrophs (organisms which make their own food using photosynthesis). There are three basic classes of pigments Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, and Phycobilins. **Chlorophylls** are greenish pigments, which contain a //__porphyrin ring__// (a stable ring-shaped molecule around which electrons are free to migrate). **Carotenoids** are usually red, orange, or yellow pigments, and include the familiar compound carotene, which gives carrots their color. **Phycobilins** are water-soluble pigments, and are therefore found in the cytoplasm, or in the stroma of the chloroplast.

The relationship between wavelength and energy in photosynthesis is the amount of energy is inversely related to the wavelength of the light: the shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of each photon of the light.

The relationship between light intensity and photosynthetic rate is that if the intensity of the light is higher then the rate of photosynthesis will increase. However, the rate of photosynthesis will only increase to an extent after intensity of light reaches a certain point the photosynthesis rate will stay the same.

Pigments relates to photosynthesis because they absorb specific wavelengths of lights, which is need for photosynthesis.

The wavelengths relate to the photosynthesis because the wavelengths can help the plant make ATP.

Wavelengths and Light Intensity is important to photosynthesis because they help the plant absorb the pigments that it need better.

=Chromatography Lab=

The data that my group had shows that the plant e has a dark green pigment with an Rf value of 1 and a pigment front of 1 in the pigment 1, a lighter, but still dark greenish color with an Rf value of .66 and a pigment front of .66 in the second pigment section, and in the final pigment section the color is a light green with an Rf value of .33 and a pigment front of .33. In the other groups with plant e they have a light green in the first pigment section with an Rf value of .2 and a pigment front of 1.1, the color of the second pigment section was a yellowish color and an Rf value is 0.64 and a pigment front of 3.5, and what I found that each of the other plant e groups have no third pigment color. Chromatography is the mixture of pigments and colors that differ depending on the different plants or plant types.

Pigment color 1/2 cm.
 * Plant Type || Pigment 1 details || Pigment 2 details || Pigment 3 details ||
 * Plant E (My Group Data) || Dark green, and the pigment value is 1, solvent front is 1, and Rf value is 1 || Light-Dark green second pigment is .66, solvent front is 1, and Rf value is .66 || Light green, pigment front is .33, solvent front is 1, and Rf value is .33 ||
 * Plant E || The first pigment is between dark green and light. It is right in between and if i could compare the color to an animal it would be a turtle. Solvent front equals 7 cm

Rf= 0.07 || The second pigment is a lighter green/ yellowish. The solvent front is 7 cm, and the pigment color is 3 1/2 cm.

Rf= 1/2 || No pigment color || =Yeast Respiration Lab= Before:
 * Plant E || The color is light green, the pigment front is 1.1, the solvent front was 5.5 and the RF value is 0.2. || The color is yellow, the pigment front is 3.5, the solvent front is 5.5 and the RF value is 0.64. || No third pigment. ||

After:

Circumference of balloon: 13 cm Radius: 2. 07 cm Volume: 74. 31 cm 1. 1. The first conclusion from the results shows that the 5% sugar solution does not inflate the balloon that well. 2. The second conclusion from the results show that the 3% sugar solution inflates the balloons more than the other sugar solutions. 2. The independent variable of the yeast respiration is the temperature of the environment, and this means that it changes on purpose of the experiment. The dependent is the amount of carbon dioxide produce and this may/will change depending if the independent variable changes. 3. Yeast lives the best in a neutral or slightly acidic environment. The sugar concentration could affect the results of the experiment because the sugar would not be completely dissolved. 4. The growth of yeast will suffer with the addition of sugar solution because the sugar could make the yeast get affected and not get enough water to react. 5. Yeast is organic catalysts (enzymes) that carry out anaerobic respiration. This type of respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen. Yeasts produce carbon dioxide gas and alcohols as products of respiration and use sugars as substrates.
 * || Circumference || Radius || Volume ||
 * After 24 Hours || 13 cm || 2.07 cm || 74.31 cm ||

= DNA Replication Lab =

Step 1 is the single helix strand of DNA that helps make the double helix Step 2 is when the single helix starts to split apart or unwind from its natural position Step 3 is when Strand I will get a new Strand II, resulting in Strand II getting a new Strand I. Step 4 for is the final step of DNA replication, when the strands come together and make a double helix.

During DNA replication and enzyme known as a helicase separates the strand of DNA, then the polymerase add nucleotides to finish separating the DNA. The nucleotides and the polymerase help finish the process and make two identical strands of DNA. DNA replication occurs during the interphase stage of mitosis.

=Genetics Analysis= 2 of the traits that I am focusing on are right-handedness and dimples. Right-handedness is a dominant trait and the class being 21 out of 24, shows that the numbers prove that it is a dominant trait. Dimples are also a dominant trait and the number can prove it to an extent. 14 out 24 show that the trait is about half dominant and half recessive. The statements that I can put is that on the site and in our class, dimples are not dominant in the majority of numbers, even though that it is a dominant trait in genetics. 2 other traits that were not stated on that site, but we talked about in class our rolling tongue and freckles. In our class 6 girls have freckles, but 5 girls don’t have them and 1 boy has freckles, but 12 don’t have them. Also, in our class 9 girls can roll their tongue, but 2 can’t and 10 boys can roll their tongue, but 3 can’t. Therefore, 7 out of 24 people have freckles and 19 out of 24 people can roll their tongue. From this information, the rolling the tongue is dominant in our class, but the freckles are not dominant in our class. In my family my 1 of my grandparents are right-handed(Rr because some of my aunts are left-handed) and the other one is left-handed(rr). My mother is right-handed and because of her what her parents were her genotype was Rr.