Sarah+L.

=flat= = = Blog: https://podcast.punxsy.k12.pa.us/users/13london_sarah/



=About Me= Hi, my name is Sarah. I'm 15 years old and I live with both my parents and our two dogs. I love playing all kinds of sports but softball is by far my favorite. My favorite books and movies are the Harry Potter ones and I enjoy going to school but I really don't like waking up early. I am a very social person and I can't go 30 seconds without talking. I would like to attend Penn State University and my dream job is to work at Disney World as an Imagineer. This was just a little bit about me. :)

=Quaking Aspen= by A2ZMpls http://www.zoo-m.com/flickr-storm/

infect tree? || Provides food for... || Native to PA? || Other Info || bark pale yellow green. || http://extension.usu.edu/range/woody/quakingaspen.htm
 * Tree Common Name || Scientific Name || Deciduous or Coniferous || Leaf Type || Leaf Arrangement || Commercial Use || Provides Habitat for... || Organism(s) that
 * Quaking Aspen || Populus Tremuloides || Deciduous || Simple || Alternate || Plywood, pallets, boxes, veneer, tongue depressors, toys, and matches. || Beavers, porcupines, grouse, mice, voles, shrews, chipmunks, and rabbits. || Pando || Black bear, deer, elk, and moose. || Yes || Perennial,

=Silver Maple= Artdog53 http://www.zoo-m.com/flickr-storm/ silverleaf maple, white maple, and soft maple. || Acer Saccharinum || Deciduous || Simple || Opposite || Lumber || Nesting birds, raccoons, opossums, squirrels, owls, woodpeckers. || Wood boring ants || Evening grosbeaks, finches, wild turkeys, ducks, squirrels, chipmunks, beavers, deer, and rabbit. || Yes || Palmate, leaves are green on top and silvery white on the bottom. || http://www.doityourself.com/stry/all-about-silver-maple-trees
 * Tree Common Name || Scientific Name || Deciduous or Coniferous || Leak Type || Leaf Arrangement || Commercial Uses || Provides Habitat for.. || Organism(s) that infect tree? || Provides food for... || Native to PA? || Other Info ||
 * Water maple,

=Classification of Marine Bacteria=

Activity 2

1. //Elp// // hidium crispum! // This swirly-shelled microbe is a type of foraminifera, or “foram” for short. // E. crispum // shares your sense of organization and tidiness. Its cell contents are packaged in organelles. For example, its DNA is neatly contained within a nucleus. Like you, // E. crispum // also stays up late; this microbe actively preys day and night. Just as you are thoughtful about what you wear, forams construct beautiful shells of calcium carbonate (chalk). The roundabout style of shell that forams make is much like your curly hair. These shells provide fossils that are valued by geologists for estimating the age of rocks and finding oil deposits!

2.

a. They are organized by opposites. b. To find which microbes or most alike and most different. c. Organization, water depth, type of bacteria, cyanobacteria, temperature tolerance, gram stain, genome size, gas production, range size, degree of cooperation, pH tolerance, preferred salinity, energy time, skeleton shape, metabolic, ability to form red tides, presence/absence of silica. d. Lamprocyclas maritalis e. Eukaryote

=Biomolecules in Food=
 * || Sugars || Starch || Fats || Proteins ||
 * Bananas || Present || Present when frozen or not ripe || Present || Present ||
 * Carrots || Absent || Present || Absent || Absent ||
 * Ground Beef || Absent || Absent || Present || Present ||
 * Milk || Absent || Absent || Present || Present ||
 * Potatoes || Absent || Present || Present || Absent ||

**Questions:**

1. Bananas have simple sugars, fats, a small amount of protein, and starches if the banana is frozen or not ripe. Carrots have starch, all the other substances are absent. Ground beef has fats and proteins. Milk also has just fats and proteins. Potatoes have starch and fats. 2. Carrots, potatoes, milk, and banana all had either no reaction or just a slight one. Most of these substances do not contain proteins; therefore, I believe that fruits and vegetables will have a smaller reactions compared to proteins. 3. By doing this lab i learned that proteins are mostly in meats, simple sugars are in fruits, and fats can be found in almost any food. I also learned that sometimes biomolecules are present in certain food and sometime absent depending on the state of the food.

=Catalase Lab=

1. Ground beef had the greatest reaction for all the temperatures with 4 for each. Bananas were next, at room temperature the reaction was about a 3 and at the warm and cold temperatures were at about a 2. Carrots reaction was a 2 at room temperature and at warm and cold temperature it was a 1. Milk and potatoes were last. Each of there reactions were rated a 1 or lower for all temperatures. The reaction was the greatest when the hydrogen peroxide was at room temperature. The reactions were the same for warm and cold temperatures. 2. 3. Q: Do certain foods have a different amount of enzymes? What does this do to the food? A: Yes, raw and unprocessed foods have more enzymes than cooked processed food. Heat destroys the enzymes or proteins in food. If we all ate uncooked food we would be all be a lot more health. http://www.healingdaily.com/detoxification-diet/enzymes.htm

=Chromatography Lab= All leaves chlorophyll is different depending on the leaf and the colors that it absorbs but some leaves may share a couple of the same pigments. The solvent for leaf e was 7. The first pigment of leaf e is dark green, it is 1/2 cm, its Rf value equals 0.07. The second pigment in leaf e is more of a yellowish green color, it is 3 1/2, and its Rf equals 0.5. Leaf e does not have a third pigment. Leaf a first pigment was light green, it's second pigment was lime green,and its third pigment was yellow. All these pigments were 1.5 cm, and their Rf all equaled 0.33. The solvent for leaf a was 4.5 cm. Leaf d's solvent was 7.45. The first pigment was brown, was 0.5cm, and had a Rf of 0.06. The second pigment was light green, was 1 cm, and its Rf equaled 0.13. The third pigment was light pink, measured 1cm, and had a Rf of 0.14. So as you can see from this data that these three leaves were all pretty different and didn't have any same exact pigments but they did have pigments that were pretty similar to each other. Yellow was found in both leaf e and a but it wasn't the same shade. Light green was also found in both leaf a and d but again was not the same shade because their lengths and Rf values were not the same.

=Light Intensity=

Time: 1 minute 1. Light intensity is the amount of sun light that the plant can take. The higher light intensity are tropical plants that can handle a lot of light. Lower light intensity is more like brush or pine trees that can handle the cold and can not handle really hot weather. Wavelength is the color that is being absorbed. Every plant is different therefore each plant has a certain wavelength that make the the most energy. For example a plant with a 200 light intensity makes the most ATP at a wavelength of 425. 2. I learned that a certain wavelength paired with the correct light intensity will make the most energy. There is really only one or two wavelengths that will make a large amount of energy all the others will only make a couple ATP.
 * |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 200 Light Intensity ||
 * Wavelength || 400 || 425 || 450 || 475 || 500 || 525 || 550 || 575 || 600 || 625 || 650 || 675 || 700 || 725 || 750 ||
 * #ATP || 6 || 10 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 6 || 8 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 ||

=Yeast Respiration Lab=

1. The balloon with the highest percent of sugar inflated the fastest because of all the carbon that was produced but it also wore off the quickest. The balloon with the lowest percentage stayed inflated the longest but it also took the longest to inflate. 2. The dependent was the circumference on the the balloon once it was inflated and the independent was the percentage of the sugar solution. The amount of inflation depends on the amount of sugar in the tube. 3. This data shows that yeast prefer a neutral amount of sugar, something in the middle like 5% or 7%. They prefer this over one of the extremes because if there is too much sugar they use it all up really fast and then it is gone. If there is not enough sugar it take too long. 4. The more sugar added the more ethanol that is produced and the more the balloon expands. The balloon with the 10% sugar solution expanded the most but it also deflated the fasts, the one with the 7% solution was next, and the balloon with 5% sugar solution expanded the least out of the three. 5. Fermentation is the type of respiration that the yeast carries out. This is because fermentation requires sugar and yeast to produces ethanol which makes carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is released into the air and causes things expand much like the balloon.

Balloon had not inflated at all. Foam was starting to form at the top of the solution.

__20 Minutes:__ Balloon still hadn't starting to inflate. Foam was half way up to the rim of the tube.

__40 Minutes:__ Balloon starting to inflate some. Foam was about 2/3 of the way up to the rim of the tube.

=DNA Replication Project= ==

=Class Traits Activity:=

1. Bermudian Springs High School York Springs, PA Ear lobes: Free ear lobes are a dominant trait so you would think that the number would be higher then the number for attached but its not. Out of 162 students, 69 have free ear lobes and 93 have attached. Dimples: Having dimples is also a dominant trait. So the number of students with dimples should be higher then the number without, right? Well that is not the case here. Out of 164 students 93 don’t have dimples and only 71 do.

2. Why is the number for the dominant trait normally lower then the recessive? If its dominant wouldn’t it occur more then the recessive trait? In our class 15 of us have free ear lobes and 9 of us have attached. Here the dominant trait has a larger number. What is the difference between the schools? 14 people in our class have dimples and 10 do not. Again the dominant trait is larger then the recessive. Are our numbers so different because we live in different regions of the state?

3. In our class 9 out of 11 girls and 10 out of 13 boys could roll their tongue. That is 19 out of 24 in all. Being able the roll your tongue is a dominant trait so it makes sense that most of the kids and the class could. 6 out of 11 girls have freckles so that is normal considering that freckles are dominant. However, only 1 out of 13 boys in our class have freckles. This is a very low number for a dominant trait. Less than 1% of the boys have freckles. Are some traits more prevalent in girls then boys? Our class total was 7 out of 24 people with freckles.

4. I am right handed and so is my mom but my dad is left-handed. This means that my genotype is Rr because my dad’s has to be rr and my mom’s either is RR or Rr. This means that my mom gave me a big R and my dad gave me a little r. We will only know what my mom’s genotype is if she were to have a left-handed child. That would mean she was Rr and that her and my dad would each give a little r to the offspring.