Levi+S

flat = = Blog: https://podcast.punxsy.k12.pa.us/users/13sikora_levi/ = = =About Me= I'm a dirt track racing fan. I have been since my dad started racing and just have been addicted to it ever since. Pretty much all year round, you can find me either at the racetrack or in the garage working on race cars. By next racing season, I will have my own crate late model which is a cheaper version of late models. Other than racing, i enjoy hunting, riding four wheelers, and just about anything to do with being outside. I have lived in a small town my whole life but I wish I could move to the country.



=Red Oak= Red oak is deciduous The scientific name is Quercus Rubra One thing that affects the red oak is the Red oak borer Grouse, deer, bear, squirrels, blue jays, fox, and raccoons eat the acorns that fall from the tree

Some of the things red oak is made into are, flooring, furniture, boxes, pallets, lumber The twigs on the red oak are small, slender, and greenish brown to dark brown The red oak are native to Pennsylvania. They are also found from southeastern Canada to western United States The red oak has a simple leaf and a alternate leaf arrangement

http://www.thewoodbox.com/ http://www.na.fs.fed.us/ http://ostermiller.org/tree/redoak.html

=Willow= 1.Willow 2.Salix 3.Poplar borer, moths, caterpillars 4. 5. 6.Willow trees are mainly used for landscaping purposes, cricket bats, flutes, and furniture 7.The twigs are very smooth and yellow-brown in color 8.The willow tree is not native to Pennsylvania. They originated in China but are now commonly found in Canada and the United States

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/red-oak-tree.html www.**gardenguide**s.com/weeping-**willow**-tree/

= Classification of Marine Bacteria  =

** You are… ** ** //Elphidium crispum!// ** Lucky you! You are //Elphidium crispum!// This swirly-shelled microbe is a type of foraminifera, or “foram” for short. //E. crispum// shares your sense of organization and tidiness. Its cell contents are packaged in organelles. For example, its DNA is neatly contained within a nucleus. Like you, //E. crispum// also stays up late; this microbe actively preys day and night. Just as you are thoughtful about what you wear, forams construct beautiful shells of calcium carbonate (chalk). The roundabout style of shell that forams make is much like your curly hair. These shells provide fossils that are valued by geologists for estimating the age of rocks and finding oil deposits!

2a.They are organized so that when you answer one question, it brings you to another question based on your answer b. to find out what microbe you are most like c. they were about how you live, and what you like d. Elphidium Crispum e. Hyperthermus Butylicus

=Biomolecules Lab=

1. In apples, the biomolecules that are present in it are simple sugars. 2. It seemed that simple sugars and protein would make about the same catalase reaction. When one food had protein present in it, it had about the same reaction as when simple sugars where present. Also, fats had the same reaction as when starches were present too. 3. During these labs, I have learned that different temperatures will affect the process of catalase in a organism. When the temperature rises, the process will speed up and the opposite for when the temperature drops. I also learned that too much heat will cause the enzyme to denature and thus becoming useless.

1 = Absent 2 = Present



=Catalase Lab=

1. During my catalase experiment with the apple, I found that neither warm, cold, or room temperature really made a huge reaction with the apple. From all the data, I learned that the warmer temperature peroxide made more of a reaction or it made a very small one. Something that surprised me was that how many low reactions there was because that means there aren’t very many catalase in that food. The higher the temperature of the peroxide, the more enzyme activity there will be in the foods that have a lot of catalse in it. 2.


 * ** Timestamp ** || ** Food ** || ** Warm hydrogen peroxide ** || ** Room temperature hydrogen peroxide ** || ** Cold hydrogen peroxide ** ||
 * 12/8/2010 8:51:10 || Peas || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * 12/8/2010 8:51:27 || Milk || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * 12/8/2010 8:54:24 || Carrots || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * 12/8/2010 8:59:42 || Onion || 2 || 1 || 2 ||
 * 12/8/2010 9:00:29 || Potato || 1 || 1 || 1 ||
 * 12/8/2010 9:00:42 || Avocado || 5 || 5 || 4 ||
 * 12/8/2010 9:53:06 || Apple || 2 || 1 || 1 ||
 * 12/8/2010 9:55:15 || Liver || 1 || 3 || 1 ||
 * 12/8/2010 9:55:47 || Egg || 2 || 1 || 1 ||
 * 12/8/2010 10:00:47 || Banana || 4 || 3 || 2 ||
 * 12/8/2010 10:02:53 || Cannelini beans || 4 || 5 || 5 ||
 * 12/9/2010 9:05:49 || Ground beef || 5 || 5 || 4 ||

3. Why does higher temperatures make the enzyme activity increase? There are three reasons why higher temperatures make the enzyme activity increase which are more energetic collisions, number of collisions will increase, and the heat of the molecules in the system will increase. The higher temps will make the molecules move a lot more causing more collisions. However, too much heat will cause the molecule to denature and become inactive. []

Conclusions: Higher temperature hydrogen peroxide causes more reactions in foods because of the catalase works more in warmer temperatures. Meat products will have bigger reactions because meats tend to have a lot more catalse then non-meat products do.

1-5 1- Small reaction 5- Large reaction



=Photosynthesis Webquest=

1. The process by which plants and some bacteria use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar

2. The 3 groups that carry out photosynthesis are plants, algae, and bacteria

3. 6 co2 + 6 h2o à 6 c6 h12 o6 + 6 o2: 6 molecules water plus 6 molecules carbon dioxide yields one molecule glucose plus six molecules oxygen

4a.The raw materials that are needed are water and carbon dioxide. b. The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. c..The energy source that is needed for this reaction is sunlight.

5a.The part of the plant the photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts. b. The specific cells that are involved are the mesophyll cells c. The specific organelle that is involved are the chloroplasts.

6. The plants get the raw materials it needs by people or by nature. They get water by rain and/or us watering the plants. The plants get carbon dioxide from us because that is what we exhale and release into the atmosphere.

7. Stoma is the opening that connects the outside to the inside. It is important to photosynthesis because it brings in carbon dioxide and takes out oxygen, a byproduct of photosynthesis.

8. The organelle that is responsible for photosynthesis is the chloroplasts. The inner membrane regulates the flow of what comes in and out. Thylakoids are the first step in photosynthesis and are found in the chloroplasts. Then the stroma take over and mix the carbon with hydrogen and oxygen.

9. The first part of photosynthesis is called the light reaction and it occurs in the thylakoids.

10. Pigments in the membrane act like antennae and capture the solar energy. Then, the light photons knock the electrons loose, which starts the process. Then, the process photolysis of water takes place to replace the missing electrons. The electrons provide an electric current that gives the energy to make ATP and NADPH.

11. The second part of photosynthesis is called light independent reaction and happens in the stroma.

12. In the second part of photosynthesis, the molecules are moved into the stroma so they can be prepared for the third step of photosynthesis. Gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide are released through the bottom of the plant.

13. Yes these two parts of photosynthesis are connected. They are because the first step makes ATP and NADPH, which is needed in the second step to make CO2.

14. No, the chemical equation does not tell the entire story of photosynthesis. This is because at the end of photosynthesis, there isn’t even a full molecule of glucose like it states, only a half of one. The other half has to be made by the enzymes outside of the chloroplasts. Also, it doesn’t mention about how important ATP and NADPH are to the process.

=Chromatography=

After looking at all that data, I have concluded that not all plants have the same type of chlorophyll and other pigments as each other. Just like black ink pens, even though they all are black, they had slightly different shades and pigments in them. These same statements also holds true with plants. Just like plants a and h in the lab, they are both green plants but when the tests were done, the pigments were almost completely different ranging from various shades of green and yellow in plant a to orange, yellow, and green pigments in plant h. Even like plants b, f, and a that have all the same pigment colors, they all have different Rf and pigment front values. For example, the pigment 1 front all three plants are .14, .125, and .23. This means that even though the plants have the same pigments, there are different amounts of each pigments in each plant making each a little different from any other plants.

= Light Inensity =

Light Intensity- The quantity of light that affects how the plant grows. For plants that grow in full sun there are often several layers of food making cells, which causes the plant to grow faster. In the shade with less quantity of light, there are fewer layers of food making cells.

Energy and Wavelength- the frequency of a wave varies inversely with the wavelength. So if the wave has a high frequency it will have a short wavelength. Similarly, if the wave has a low frequency it will have a long wavelength. The frequency indicates how many waves pas a given point per second, so the longer the wavelength, the less waves pas in a second, giving the wave a low frequency.

1. Wavelength and light intensity is important for photosynthesis because they rely on each other to work properly for the process to work. When one of the variables change, the other will most likely change to. If the wave has a high frequency, then the wavelength will be short. The same if the wave has a short frequency. 2. One thing I have learned the most about is how important light and water is to the photosynthesis process. I always knew it was important but didn’t realize that without the electron from the oxidized water molecules, the rest of the process would basically seize to happen. Also, without any light, the only process that could take place is the dark reaction.


 * Wavelength || # of ATP || % maximum ATP ||
 * 400 || 6 || 39 ||
 * 425 || 9 || 60 ||
 * 500 || 1 || 4.5 ||
 * 575 || 1 || 7.2 ||
 * 600 || 2 || 12 ||
 * 650 || 8 || 51 ||
 * 700 || 1 || 3 ||
 * 750 || 1 || 1.1 ||

Light intensity - 120

= = =Yeast Respiration Lab=



Before

After

1. The amount of rise in the bread is dependent to how high the sugar solution concentration is. The yeast likes and reacts the most in the dough when you use warm water. 2. The independent variable in the experiment would be the sugar solution. The dependent variable in the experiment would be how much the bread rises and how much the balloon fills up. These are the independent and dependent variables because the yeast reacts differently to different concentrations of the sugar solution. So, when the solution changes, how much the bread rises and how filled the balloon gets will also change as a result of the different sugar solution. 3. Yeast prefers warm temperatures to react the most. Sugar concentration made the reaction increase up to a certain point. I know this because even though there wasn’t a whole lot of difference is sizes, the higher concentrations rose a little more. 4. The amount of rising increases as the sugar concentration increases for the four concentration levels we tested. 5. Anaerobic respiration is what yeast carries out during the experiment. This is because when bread bakes, alcohol fermentation occurs which is anaerobic.

= DNA Replication Project =









1) First, the double helix will need be unwound. Then, the enzyme helicase separates the DNA strands. Then, the bases held together by hydrogen bonds are pulled apart by the enzymes.

2) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the separated strand of DNA. Now that there are two separate strands of DNA, the enzymes can start remaking the opposite side of that DNA strand.

3) The rest of the sugar-phosphate bonds that are the outside bonds of the helix are bonded together. The DNA polymerase enzyme finishes adding nucleotides and then there are two identical DNA molecules.

DNA replication occurs during interphase stage of mitosis.

= Class Traits =

1. One of the traits I focused on was the red-green colorblindness. In 2009, all but 3 classes that took part in the study had 5 or fewer kids that are colorblind. However most of people are not colorblind, not being colorblind is not the dominant trait. Actually, neither of the traits are dominant to one another. Another trait I looked at was if a person had white forelocks or not. In 2009, only one of the classes that did the study had more people with white forelock than without. The surprising thing is that having white forelock is the dominant trait. 2. One of the most important questions I have about the data is that how can a dominant trait have less numbers than the recessive traits. Another question I have is does people from different states adapt different and cause there to be different dominant and recessive trait numbers. Comparing the numbers between our class and other parts of the world, the numbers didn’t exactly match up with ours. For the most part, our class has more dominant traits than recessive, however; other parts around the world actually have a lot where the recessive traits show more than the dominant. 3. The two traits that I am going to use is having freckles and being able to roll your tongue. In our class, 6 girls had freckles while 5 did not have freckles. Only 1 boy had freckles and 12 did not. In the class, 7 had freckles while 17 did not have any freckles. Surprising enough, having freckles in the dominant trait. In being able to roll your tongue, 9 girls could while 2 could not. There were 10 boys that could while 3 could not. In total, 19 people could roll your tongues while 5 could not. However there were only 5 out of the whole class who couldn’t roll their tongue, it is the dominant trait. 4. I have brown eyes, which is the dominant trait. My two sisters also have brown eyes. This means that our genotype would be Ee (E= brown e= blue) because my mom has blue eyes. My dad also has brown eyes but his genotype would have to be Ee since my other sister has blue eyes so she would had to have gotten a blue recessive gene from both parents. Since my mom’s genotype had to be ee, my parent’s offspring will either have a Ee or ee genotype. So this means that my offspring will have a 50/50 chance of the getting the blue recessive gene from me.